Taiwan’s conservation record has improved dramatically over the past three decades, but wildlife populations remain fragile in many areas, and visitor behaviour directly affects them. A few principles are worth applying:

Respect permit systems. The permit requirements for major peaks and sensitive habitats are not bureaucratic inconveniences — they are population management tools designed to prevent the trampling of fragile ecosystems and the disturbance of endangered species. Apply early; the lottery systems for Yushan are competitive.

Do not feed wildlife. Feeding macaques, deer, or any wild animal habituates them to human presence in ways that typically end badly for the animals. Macaques that associate humans with food become aggressive; fed deer lose the capacity to forage naturally.

Keep a respectful distance from birds. “Playback” — using a smartphone to broadcast a bird’s call to draw it closer — is increasingly common and increasingly harmful, as it disrupts territory, nesting behaviour, and energy reserves. Many birdwatchers in Taiwan’s active birding community discourage the practice.

Stay on marked trails. Taiwan’s mountain vegetation — especially in cloud forest and subalpine zones — is extremely slow-growing. A boot print off-trail can persist for years.

Choose ethical whale-watching operators. Look for operators who maintain a respectful distance from cetaceans, do not pursue or encircle animals, and limit the time spent near any one group. The Kuroshio Ocean Education Foundation, based in Hualien, is one of Taiwan’s most respected marine conservation organisations and is worth researching before booking.

Be aware of seasonal closures. National parks can close sections or entire park areas following typhoons, earthquakes, or heavy rainfall. The closures exist to protect both visitors and recovering ecosystems. Check official park websites before departure.